Black winemakers have played an essential role in shaping American viticulture, yet they remain underrepresented in the industry today. Although Black-owned wineries account for less than 1% of the nation’s 11,600 wineries, their contributions span generations, from early vineyard labor to modern-day winemaking.
Early Contributions to American Winemaking
Before the Civil War, enslaved African Americans were central to vineyard operations, particularly in the South. At Thomas Jefferson’s Virginia estate, enslaved workers managed 190 acres of vineyards, handling everything from planting to harvesting. Their expertise influenced the development of winemaking in the region, though their contributions were rarely recognized.
Growth After Prohibition
The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 created opportunities for Black winemakers to enter the industry. One of the first to do so was John June Lewis Sr., who founded Woburn Winery in Virginia in 1940. Lewis learned winemaking from his father and refined his skills while serving in Germany’s Rhine Valley. Upon returning home, he cultivated 10 acres of native American grapes and produced wines that were well received across racial lines, despite segregation. His success provided a foundation for future Black winemakers.
Expanding Representation
By the 1970s, more Black entrepreneurs explored winemaking, including Raymen Fedderman, who briefly operated a winery in New York’s Finger Lakes region. However, it wasn’t until the 1990s that significant changes began to take shape.
In 1995, the Brown siblings established Brown Estate in Napa Valley, becoming the first Black-owned winery in the region. Two years later, Iris Rideau became the first Black woman to own a winery, paving the way for more women in the industry. Over the years, Black-owned wineries like McBride Sisters Collection, La Fête Wine, and Theopolis Vineyards have gained recognition for their wines and efforts to bring more diversity to the field.
Increasing Access to the Wine Industry
Efforts to expand Black representation in the wine industry extend beyond ownership. Organizations such as the Association of African American Vintners, Wine Unify, and Roots Fund provide scholarships, mentorship, and networking opportunities to aspiring Black wine professionals. These programs help address historical barriers by offering financial support and professional development in vineyard management, winemaking, and distribution.
Educational institutions have also reported an increase in Black students pursuing careers in viticulture. As more training opportunities become available, Black professionals are entering the wine industry in greater numbers, contributing their expertise to various aspects of production and sales.
Looking Ahead
The presence of Black winemakers continues to grow, bringing new perspectives to an industry that has historically lacked diversity. Many are incorporating traditional winemaking methods while also experimenting with new techniques. Their contributions are expanding the range of wines available and encouraging greater inclusivity within the field.
While progress is ongoing, the increasing number of Black professionals in winemaking, distribution, and education signals lasting change. As the industry evolves, efforts to support Black winemakers and professionals will play a role in shaping the future of American wine.
